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Chris A. Vrenna (born February 23, 1967) is an American musician, Grammy-winning producer, engineer, remixer, songwriter, programmer, and founder of the electronic band Tweaker. Vrenna also played drums for the industrial/rock band Nine Inch Nails from 1989 until 1997. Vrenna was also the keyboardist and drummer of the American rock band Marilyn Manson from 2004 until late 2011. ==Career== Soon after graduating from McDowell High School in Erie, Pennsylvania in 1985, Vrenna moved to Chicago, quickly becoming a part of the Chicago industrial music scene and was briefly a member of Die Warzau and Stabbing Westward. He later reconnected with Trent Reznor, whom he met during high school in Pennsylvania,〔 when they both were in local Cleveland, Ohio band the Exotic Birds. He also toured as a live drummer for KMFDM during the ''Money'' era tours, in 1992. He records under the name Tweaker, and has released four albums under that name: ''The Attraction to All Things Uncertain'' (2001), ''2 a.m. Wakeup Call'' (2004), ''Call The Time Eternity'' (2012), and ''And Then There's Nothing'' (2013). Tweaker toured select North American dates with Skinny Puppy in 2004. As producer, remixer, or engineer Vrenna has worked with U2, Nine Inch Nails, Scar the Martyr, Gary Numan, Lords of Acid, God Lives Underwater, Megadeth, Rammstein, Metallica, The Rasmus, Weezer, P.O.D., David Bowie, Slipknot, Cold, underwater, Scarling., The Smashing Pumpkins, Hole, Marilyn Manson, Rob Zombie, Green Day, Live, Adema, the Wallflowers, TheStart, Dir en grey,Seven Factor, and Psyclon Nine. He has also worked with the industrial group Pigface and produced songs and albums for underground girl groups TCR, Jack Off Jill, and Rasputina. Vrenna has also worked on music for several video games, including ''Doom 3'' (as producer with Clint Walsh), ''Quake 4'', ''American McGee's Alice'', its sequel ''Alice: Madness Returns'', ''Enter the Matrix'', ''Sonic The Hedgehog'', ''Area 51'', and ''Need for Speed: Most Wanted''. In 2004, he started soundtrack work on ''Tabula Rasa'', a massive multiplayer online game. He also helped compose the theme song to the animated series ''Xiaolin Showdown''. He can be seen performing in the music videos for the songs "Gave Up", "Wish", and "March of the Pigs" on the Nine Inch Nails video compilation ''Closure'', and also makes a brief appearance in "The Perfect Drug". Vrenna won a Grammy award as a member of Nine Inch Nails for "Best Metal Performance" for ''Happiness in Slavery'' in 1995 for the live performance of the song on Woodstock '94. Vrenna was Billy Corgan's programmer for four months in 1997. While he was on tour with the Smashing Pumpkins, Vrenna got a call from Axl Rose, who invited Vrenna to spend time with Guns N' Roses. "I did for a couple weeks, but then decided I didn't want to join the band", said Vrenna. Vrenna was chosen to take over the drumming responsibilities for Marilyn Manson after Ginger Fish was injured in 2004 during the ''Lest We Forget'' tour. He then replaced Madonna Wayne Gacy as the permanent keyboardist for Marilyn Manson. Vrenna co-produced the albums ''The High End of Low'' (2009) and ''Born Villain'' (2012). In April 2011, following the departure of Marilyn Manson's drummer Ginger Fish, Chris Vrenna was announced to be his official replacement. However, in November 2011, it was announced that Vrenna had parted ways with the band in order to focus on scoring movies and video games.〔Ramirez, Carlos. () 'Tweaker's Chris Vrenna on Playing Drums for Marilyn Manson: 'I Just Couldn't Take the Lifestyle Anymore' Noisecreep.com September 18, 2012〕 Vrenna's latest Tweaker release is a remix album titled "And Then There's Nothing". Released on November 26, 2013 on Metropolis Records, it features remixes of the songs from "Call The Time Eternity", by artists such as Gary Numan, KMFDM, and Front Line Assembly. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chris Vrenna」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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